Word for small chat about the speakers well being

Solution 1:

I think the word you're looking for is pleasantries:

[Merriam-Webster]
3 : a polite social remark
// exchanged pleasantries

There is also gossip, but it's something more intentional and focused than just chatting about the weather or traffic.

So:

After exchanging pleasantries about their well-being and James’s shopping list they made their way to the supermarket.

Solution 2:

For me, you have almost said it yourself: "small talk".

This is conversation between people which is will never offend; "How are you?", "Did you find us OK?", "How was the traffic?".

It often precedes a meeting or even something like a Doctor's appointment, or can be the entire conversation between people who are forced together, maybe in the Doctor's waiting room.