Why is "the tail/house of the dog" correct, but "the bowl of the dog" not?

Solution 1:

The comparison phrases you are using would normally be expressed as follows:

The house of the dog => the dog's house => the kennel (noun: a shelter for a dog)

The tail of the dog => the dog's tail

The correct sentence order is << The [owner] [object] >>. In the example of the dog house, "kennel" conveys that entire meaning, so there is no need even to specify that it belongs to the dog.

Following this structure, "the dog's bowl" is correct way of expressing "the bowl of the dog." Likewise "Laura' friend," "Mark's car," "Ron's phone" and so on.

You can also substitute pronouns for proper names, such as "his car," "her handbag," "your question," and so on.

Addendum:

As mentioned in the comments below, the source of the confusion may arise when transliterating from languages which use noun-verb word order to English which uses verb-noun.

For example, in my native language Maltese, we would say "id-dhar ta-kelb". Literal translation, "the house of the dog" (dhar=house, kelb=dog). However, in fluent English we transpose the noun and verb, so the phrase becomes "the dog's house".