A word for an experience that must be lived
Solution 1:
A common phrase for such an experience is a "first-hand experience" or something that can "only be experienced first hand." A more informal way to say this is: "you had to be there."
Similar adjectives:
- personal/individual/unique experience
- a live experience
- empirical, hands-on
- indescribable, ineffable, beyond words
And so on. I was not able to find one that specifically refers to the need of such a first-hand experience in order to fully understand something. I typically hear phrases like, "You won't understand until it happens to you."
Solution 2:
Quale (plural: Qualia).
It's a mildly pretentious word, so use with caution. But I think it means what you want.