Is "All MEEMIES are SCREAMING" a Strong Collocation?
Stormy petrels and strong collocations are concepts that are similar, but the author's insistence on strictly defining stormy petrels as words that have a specific collocation makes it more restrictive than a strong collocation. In other words, a stormy petrel is a strong collocation, but a strong collocation is not a stormy petrel.
Let me highlight the common phrasing in both definitions:
(Stormy petrels) Sometime in the late '80s, Elliott Moreton came up with a category of words which can't be used except in the company of specific other words
Strong collocations are when particular words can collocate with very few words.
As written, the only ambiguity is between "specific other words" (which could suggest exclusivity: maybe only the specified word(s) can be used) and "very few words" (which allows for a small subset of collocations and variation). The source on stormy petrels clarifies later on that it really is being strict about no other collocations being in use:
We sometimes make a distinction between the rare "strong" stormy petrel, which can never occur without the associated word or phrase, and the more common "weak" stormy petrel, which can never occur as a particular part of speech without the companion word or phrase.
A Stormy Petrel is a phrase P containing a word W such that W cannot occur anywhere but in P.
That is more restrictive than a strong collocation, which merely requires one word to collocate with very few other words. In a stormy petrel, no other collocation can exist! As a result, this definition is self-defeating, since stormy petrel itself doesn't meet the rigorous definition of the term. Nor do other words I've tested. For instance, COCA shows that shrift is preceded by short most times (295 results) but also has 13 other results. It is not a stormy petrel. The same can easily be found for durance, meemies, and recriminations.
These examples and similar searches invite a hypothesis: no true stormy petrel exists as defined, and if one does, it is because the word has not been documented with another collocation, not because no other collocation can be used. Strong collocations, on the other hand, do exist, and tend to describe the examples listed for stormy petrel.