Preposition "of" or "to": "a challenge of/to modern Europe"

I am wondering which one is correct:

• "Secessionism as a challenge of modern Europe"
• "Secessionism as a challenge to modern Europe"

Thank you! :)

Solution 1:

Both phrases are possible.

The choice depends on the actual context.

Look at the entry from Merriam-Webster's Dictionary (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/challenge):

challenge

1: a stimulating task or problem // looking for new challenges (In this case we can use of to show the possession of the problem)

2: a calling to account or into question

 : PROTEST

a challenge to unauthorized use of public funds (In this case we use to to show the direction of the process)

Compare two examples from Reverso.context.net:

"Notwithstanding those efforts, the challenge of achieving sustainability remains".

"The situation presents a challenge to the international community, which must find effective means to combat that menace".