Java: static field in abstract class

I just start out with an example, that explains it best:

public abstract class A{
    static String str;
}

public class B extends A{
    public B(){
        str = "123";
    }
}

public class C extends A{
    public C(){
        str = "abc";
    }
}

public class Main{

    public static void main(String[] args){
        A b = new B();
        A c = new C();
        System.out.println("b.str = " + b.str);
        System.out.println("c.str = " + c.str);
    }
}

This will print out:

b.str = abc

c.str = abc

But I would like a solution where each subclass that instantiate the super class, has their own class variable, at the same time I want to be able to reference that class variable through the identifier, or a method call, defined in the abstract super class.

So I would like the output to be:

b.str = 123

c.str = abc

Is that doable?

Solution 1:

If you want classes B and C to have separate static variables, you'll need to declare the variables in those classes. Basically, static members and polymorphism don't go together.

Note that accessing static members through references is a really bad idea in terms of readability - it makes it look like it depends on the value of the reference, when it doesn't really. So your current code won't even compile when you've moved str down to B and C. Instead, you'll need

System.out.println("b.str = " + B.str);
System.out.println("c.str = " + C.str);

If you really need to access the value polymorphically (i.e. through an instance of A) then one option is to make a polymorphic getter:

public class A {
    public abstract String getStr();
}

public class B extends A {
    private static String str = "b";

    @Override public String getStr() {
        return str;
    }
}

(and the same for C).

That way you get the behaviour you want in terms of not having a separate variable per instance, but you can still use it polymorphically. It's a little odd for an instance member to return a static value like this, but you're using the value for polymorphism of type, basically...

Solution 2:

public abstract class A {
    private String str;
    public String getStr() { return str;}
    protected void setStr(String str) { this.str = str; }
}

Then you'll be able to have

B b = new B();
b.getStr();

The setter and getter are my addition, you can go by simply making the variable non-static.

Update If you want to have the static-per-subclass, then you can have:

protected static Map<Class, String> values;
public abstract String getValue();

and then:

public String getValue() {
    values.get(getClass());
}
public void setValue(String value) {
    values.set(getClass(), value);
}

But this is generally a bad idea.

Solution 3:

Put the static varibale in each subclass and add a (not static) abstract method to the abstract superclass:

abstract String getStr();

Then implement the getStr() method in each subclass by returning the static field of this special subclass.

public class B extends A {
 private static String str;

  @Override
  public String getStr() {
    return B.str;
  }
}

Solution 4:

only one instance of static variable is present in the system.

static variable will load into the system in the start before class is loaded.

reason both time abc is printed is because you set the value of str as abc in the last.

Solution 5:

This will print the output you want:

public abstract class A{
}

public class B extends A{
    static String str;

    public B(){
        str = "123";
    }
}

public class C extends A{
    static String str;

    public C(){
        str = "abc";
    }
}

public class Main{

    public static void main(String[] args){
        A a = new B();
        A c = new C();
        System.out.println("B.str = " + B.str);
        System.out.println("C.str = " + C.str);
    }
}