Was "Congress" used to refer to an entity before the Constitution?
The New World of Words (despite its name) had an edition published in 1706 with these definitions:
Congress, a coming together, Meeting, or Rencounter; an Encount'ring: It is now generally taken for the Assembly, or Meeting together of the Deputies, or Plenipotentiaries of several Princes, to Treat about a Peace, or any other important Affair.
Congress or Congers, a particular Society of Book-sellers, who put in Joynt Stocks for the Buying and Printing of Copies, and Trading for their common Advantage.
The first definition was also in the 1678 edition (found via OED.com):
Congress, is now generally taken for the Assembly or Meeting together of the Deputies, or Plenipotentiaries of several Princes, to treat about a Peace, or any other grand Affair.
Compare with the 1671 edition.
Although this may not be the earliest example, it's well before any US Congress, which was an idea people were thinking about as far back as 1765.