Difference between "personal goals" and "Long/short-term objectives"

In the bastardized language of business, a goal is a final destination. It's where you want to end up. An objective is a shorter term goal, used as a stepping stone on the way to the final goal.

For example, The Allied goal in Europe WWII was to capture Berlin and force Hitler to surrender. An objective along the way was to establish a beachhead in Normandy to allow the deployment of troops on the mainland.

In Business terms, your goal may be to retire as president of the corporation. An objective would be to become an Assistant Vice President in 5 years.

Shamelessly stolen from @onomatomaniak, but he's right: they asked for Personal Goals, in addition to "Long and Short Term Objectives" So I would say that the short term objectives are things like "bring budget in line with expectations for FY", long term would be "take over the company" and a personal goal would be "lose 43 pounds".