Using setxkbmap for a simple remap (similar to xmodmap)

You can follow the general idea seen in my answer on a similar problem; if you still want layout switching (although still quite broken) you should define a new layout or variant.

Notice that the template to copy and modify for the editing an keypad is a bit difficult to find. In my keyboard, for example, the geometry is "pc105"; this is defined in /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc. If you look into it, it include:

[...]
key <SPCE> {        [        space          ]       };

include "srvr_ctrl(fkey2vt)"
include "pc(editing)"
include "keypad(x11)"

key <BKSP> {        [ BackSpace, BackSpace  ]       };
[...]

The keypad is defined in the file /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/keypad

[...] 
default  partial hidden keypad_keys
xkb_symbols "x11" {
   include "keypad(operators)"

   key  <KP7> {        [  KP_Home,     KP_7    ]       };
   key  <KP8> {        [  KP_Up,       KP_8    ]       };
[...]

For the name of the key symbols (keysims), the best place to look is into the file /usr/include/X11/keysymdef.h; you may need to have the development packages installed to have it (or install it by instaling x11proto-core-dev):

[...]
/* Cursor control & motion */

#define XK_Home                          0xff50
#define XK_Left                          0xff51  /* Move left, left arrow */
#define XK_Up                            0xff52  /* Move up, up arrow */
[...]

the keysym name is the one you have once removed the "XK_" string.

Using setxkbmap for a simple remap (similar to xmodmap)

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