How to execute query to a DB from a terminal and store output to a file?

  1. Try man sqlite
  2. You'll find that sqlite expects a syntax such as sqlite [options] filename [SQL]
  3. Then do this sqlite [options] filename [SQL] > file_with_results.txt and the result would be in file_with_results.txt

From what you write, I believe you need:

sqlite .mozilla/firefox/profile_name/places.sqlite "SELECT moz_places.url FROM moz_places;" > file_with_results.txt