Pandas fillna using groupby

Solution 1:

If only one non NaN value per group use ffill (forward filling) and bfill (backward filling) per group, so need apply with lambda:

df['three'] = df.groupby(['one','two'], sort=False)['three']
                .apply(lambda x: x.ffill().bfill())
print (df)
   one  two  three
0    1    1   10.0
1    1    1   10.0
2    1    1   10.0
3    1    2   20.0
4    1    2   20.0
5    1    2   20.0
6    1    3    NaN
7    1    3    NaN

But if multiple value per group and need replace NaN by some constant - e.g. mean by group:

print (df)
   one  two  three
0    1    1   10.0
1    1    1   40.0
2    1    1    NaN
3    1    2    NaN
4    1    2   20.0
5    1    2    NaN
6    1    3    NaN
7    1    3    NaN

df['three'] = df.groupby(['one','two'], sort=False)['three']
                .apply(lambda x: x.fillna(x.mean()))
print (df)
   one  two  three
0    1    1   10.0
1    1    1   40.0
2    1    1   25.0
3    1    2   20.0
4    1    2   20.0
5    1    2   20.0
6    1    3    NaN
7    1    3    NaN