How to get character array from a string?

Solution 1:

Note: This is not unicode compliant. "I💖U".split('') results in the 4 character array ["I", "�", "�", "u"] which can lead to dangerous bugs. See answers below for safe alternatives.

Just split it by an empty string.

var output = "Hello world!".split('');
console.log(output);

See the String.prototype.split() MDN docs.

Solution 2:

As hippietrail suggests, meder's answer can break surrogate pairs and misinterpret “characters.” For example:

// DO NOT USE THIS!
const a = '𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛'.split('');
console.log(a);
// Output: ["�","�","�","�","�","�","�","�"]

I suggest using one of the following ES2015 features to correctly handle these character sequences.

Spread syntax (already answered by insertusernamehere)

const a = [...'𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛'];
console.log(a);

Array.from

const a = Array.from('𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛');
console.log(a);

RegExp u flag

const a = '𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛'.split(/(?=[\s\S])/u);
console.log(a);

Use /(?=[\s\S])/u instead of /(?=.)/u because . does not match newlines. If you are still in ES5.1 era (or if your browser doesn't handle this regex correctly - like Edge), you can use the following alternative (transpiled by Babel). Note, that Babel tries to also handle unmatched surrogates correctly. However, this doesn't seem to work for unmatched low surrogates.

const a = '𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛'.split(/(?=(?:[\0-\uD7FF\uE000-\uFFFF]|[\uD800-\uDBFF][\uDC00-\uDFFF]|[\uD800-\uDBFF](?![\uDC00-\uDFFF])|(?:[^\uD800-\uDBFF]|^)[\uDC00-\uDFFF]))/);
console.log(a);

Reduce method (already answered by Mark Amery)

const s = '𝟘𝟙𝟚𝟛';
const a = [];
for (const s2 of s) {
   a.push(s2);
}
console.log(a);

Solution 3:

The spread Syntax

You can use the spread syntax, an Array Initializer introduced in ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) standard:

var arr = [...str];

Examples

function a() {
    return arguments;
}

var str = 'Hello World';

var arr1 = [...str],
    arr2 = [...'Hello World'],
    arr3 = new Array(...str),
    arr4 = a(...str);

console.log(arr1, arr2, arr3, arr4);

The first three result in:

["H", "e", "l", "l", "o", " ", "W", "o", "r", "l", "d"]

The last one results in

{0: "H", 1: "e", 2: "l", 3: "l", 4: "o", 5: " ", 6: "W", 7: "o", 8: "r", 9: "l", 10: "d"}

Browser Support

Check the ECMAScript ES6 compatibility table.

Further reading

• MDN: Spread operator
• ECMAScript 2015 (ES6): 12.2.5 Array Initializer

spread is also referenced as "splat" (e.g. in PHP or Ruby or as "scatter" (e.g. in Python).

Demo

Try before buy

Solution 4:

You can also use Array.from.

var m = "Hello world!";
console.log(Array.from(m))

This method has been introduced in ES6.

Reference

Array.from