Server 2012 Core (no GUI) - How to manage disks?

You probably want to use the diskpart.exe tool.

c:\diskpart

DISKPART> list disk

  Disk ###  Status         Size     Free     Dyn  Gpt
  --------  -------------  -------  -------  ---  ---
  Disk 0    Online           60 GB     0 B
  Disk 1    Online          200 GB   200 GB

DISKPART> select disk 1

Disk 1 is now the selected disk.

DISKPART> create partition primary

DISKPART> list partition

DISKPART> select partition 1

DISKPART> format fs=NTFS quick

DISKPART> assign letter=D

See http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc770877.aspx