how to reduce spring boot memory usage?

Solution 1:

Little late to the game here, but I suffered the same issue with a containerised Spring Boot application on Docker. The bare minimum you'll get away with is around 72M total memory on the simplest of Spring Boot applications with a single controller and embedded Tomcat. Throw in Spring Data REST, Spring Security and a few JPA entities and you'll be looking at 200M-300M minimum. You can get a simple Spring Boot app down to around 72M total by using the following JVM options.

With -XX:+UseSerialGC This will perform garbage collection inline with the thread allocating the heap memory instead of a dedicated GC thread(s)

With -Xss512k This will limit each threads stack memory to 512KB instead of the default 1MB

With -XX:MaxRAM=72m This will restrict the JVM's calculations for the heap and non heap managed memory to be within the limits of this value.

In addition to the above JVM options you can also use the following property inside your application.properties file:

server.tomcat.max-threads = 1 This will limit the number of HTTP request handler threads to 1 (default is 200)

Here is an example of docker stats running a very simple Spring Boot application with the above limits and with the docker -m 72m argument. If I decrease the values any lower than this I cannot get the app to start.

83ccc9b2156d: Mem Usage: 70.36MiB / 72MiB | Mem Percentage: 97.72%

And here you can see a breakdown of all the native and java heap memory on exit.

Native Memory Tracking:

Total: reserved=1398681KB, committed=112996KB
-                 Java Heap (reserved=36864KB, committed=36260KB)
                            (mmap: reserved=36864KB, committed=36260KB) 

-                     Class (reserved=1086709KB, committed=43381KB)
                            (classes #7548)
                            (  instance classes #7049, array classes #499)
                            (malloc=1269KB #19354) 
                            (mmap: reserved=1085440KB, committed=42112KB) 
                            (  Metadata:   )
                            (    reserved=36864KB, committed=36864KB)
                            (    used=36161KB)
                            (    free=703KB)
                            (    waste=0KB =0.00%)
                            (  Class space:)
                            (    reserved=1048576KB, committed=5248KB)
                            (    used=4801KB)
                            (    free=447KB)
                            (    waste=0KB =0.00%)

-                    Thread (reserved=9319KB, committed=938KB)
                            (thread #14)
                            (stack: reserved=9253KB, committed=872KB)
                            (malloc=50KB #74) 
                            (arena=16KB #26)

-                      Code (reserved=248678KB, committed=15310KB)
                            (malloc=990KB #4592) 
                            (mmap: reserved=247688KB, committed=14320KB) 

-                        GC (reserved=400KB, committed=396KB)
                            (malloc=272KB #874) 
                            (mmap: reserved=128KB, committed=124KB) 

-                  Compiler (reserved=276KB, committed=276KB)
                            (malloc=17KB #409) 
                            (arena=260KB #6)

-                  Internal (reserved=660KB, committed=660KB)
                            (malloc=620KB #1880) 
                            (mmap: reserved=40KB, committed=40KB) 

-                    Symbol (reserved=11174KB, committed=11174KB)
                            (malloc=8417KB #88784) 
                            (arena=2757KB #1)

-    Native Memory Tracking (reserved=1858KB, committed=1858KB)
                            (malloc=6KB #80) 
                            (tracking overhead=1852KB)

-               Arena Chunk (reserved=2583KB, committed=2583KB)
                            (malloc=2583KB) 

-                   Logging (reserved=4KB, committed=4KB)
                            (malloc=4KB #179) 

-                 Arguments (reserved=17KB, committed=17KB)
                            (malloc=17KB #470) 

-                    Module (reserved=137KB, committed=137KB)
                            (malloc=137KB #1616)

Don't expect to get any decent performance out of this either, as I would imagine the GC would be running frequently with this setup as it doesn't have a lot of spare memory to play with

Solution 2:

After search, i found it's already have answer in stackoveflow. Spring Boot memory consumption increases beyond -Xmx option

1. Number of http threads (Undertow starts around 50 threads per default, but you can increase / decrease via property the amount of threads needed)
2. Access to native routines (.dll, .so) via JNI
3. Static variables
4. Use of cache (memcache, ehcache, etc)
If a VM is 32 bit or 64 bit, 64 bit uses more memory to run the same application, so if you don't need a heap bigger than 1.5GB, so keep your application runnnig over 32 bit to save memory.

because spring boot starts around 50 threads per default for http service(Tomcat or Undertow, Jetty), and its use 1 MB per thread(64bit jvm default setting).

SO the in 64bit jvm, the memory usage is heap(64M) + Permgen(max 64M) + thread stacks(1M x 50+) + native handles.

references:

• https://dzone.com/articles/how-to-decrease-jvm-memory-consumption-in-docker-u
• http://trustmeiamadeveloper.com/2016/03/18/where-is-my-memory-java/
• https://developers.redhat.com/blog/2017/04/04/openjdk-and-containers/

Solution 3:

You can use -XX:+UseSerialGC as JVM Argument to specify Serial Garbage Collector which is best choice to reduce Memory Heap .