What word best describes a person who has the ability to understand two opposing opinions [closed]

What word best describes a person who has the ability to understand two opposing opinions?

If you look at the common dictionary definitions for scientist you get something along the lines of:

A person who is engaged in and has expert knowledge of a science, especially a biological or physical science. Free Dictionary

So, looking for a definition of science, we find:

Science is the study of the nature and behavior of natural things and the knowledge that we obtain about them. Collins

But this is a rather unsatisfying definition. It implies that you're a "scientist" if you (eventually) learn to avoid some of the things that tick off your wife, or how to "read" the traffic and pick an alternate route on the way to work.

It's also at the center of the conflicts tearing apart our society.

Here is a better definition, written by scientists:

A scientist is someone who systematically gathers and uses research and evidence, making a hypothesis and testing it, to gain and share understanding and knowledge. A scientist can be further defined by:

• how they go about this, for instance by use of statistics (Statisticians) or data (Data scientists)
• what they’re seeking understanding of, for instance the elements in the universe (Chemists, Geologists etc), or the stars in the sky (Astronomers)
• where they apply their science, for instance in the food industry (Food Scientist)

However all scientists are united by their relentless curiosity and systematic approach to assuaging it.

But this still doesn't get at the meat of the issue (and its relevance to this question).

In any "rational" discussion of opposing points of view what we call "evidence" will be presented by both sides. Even after you discard the evidence that both sides will (eventually) agree is laughably invalid, you are still left with evidence which the other side cannot accept. The problem is, if one participant does choose to (tentatively) "accept" evidence of the other side that conflicts with evidence which the participant is confident is true, a condition known as cognitive dissonance occurs, and this creates significant psychological stress in the participant. So the "natural" thing to do is to ignore the conflicting evidence (or declare it "fake news"), to relieve this stress.

But when one thinks of scientists such as Copernicus, Galileo, Pascal, Newton, Darwin, and Einstein, this is not how they approached things. Whereas most humans naturally recoil from situations which will create cognitive dissonance, good scientists such as these don’t simply exhibit curiosity, but rather they revel in the sensation of having their preconceived notions challenged by new evidence. In fact, it seems to me that the definition of “scientist” should be “one who seeks contradictions”.

Certainly no one (even a great scientist) can live out his (or her) entire life in a state of constant dissonance, but a scientist must, by definition, be open to recognizing and exploring inconsistencies in what he “knows”, at least in his areas of specialty. Someone who merely collects and applies knowledge may be an excellent researcher or engineer, but he is not a scientist.

What this implies for public policy is that the scientific community needs to challenge people in the broader population (and especially students) to become “scientists”, by learning to appreciate the pleasures (yes, there are pains too, but the pleasures are there) of dealing with (and not simply suppressing) dissonance. The joy a scientist experiences in an “Aha! moment” is soul-sustaining, and, more importantly, learning to value rather than discredit evidence that contradicts ones pre-existing beliefs leads to enormous emotional and intellectual growth. Humanity would never have progressed to this point without scientists of this ilk, and without them its future is in grave danger.

This is the heart of a scientist.

There are several terms depending on context: fair, impartial, neutral, but "unbiased" comes to mind and seems to fit best. "they are unbiased" or "they have unbiased judgement"

unbiased "having no bias or prejudice. If you describe someone or something as unbiased, you mean they are fair and not likely to support one particular person or group involved in something."

• There is no clear and unbiased information available for consumers.

• The researchers were expected to be unbiased.

From TFD - "Unbiased implies absence of a preference or partiality: gave an unbiased account of her family problems."