Setting Google Drive to open Google Docs files with Chrome
Solution 1:
The browser does'n open a file locally, so you cannot associate a filetype to a particular software. The files are managed and opened through google docs.
What you want to do is somethink loke this: the link to the file should be like someserver.com/myfile.xls and that file to open in ms office through the web toolbar. If you would have the necessary rights this should work, but in your case it is much more complicated and it would be verry hard to do this.
Maybe you should download google drive and try this instead of the web browser version
Solution 2:
I know this is years later, but I found a solution here:
https://code.google.com/p/googledrivesync-chrome/
With Windows Explorer in directory of Google Drive, googledrivesync-chrome forces the use of Google Chrome on a double click of a Google Document.
If you have win7 and drive is in the Program Files (x86) directory instead of simply Program Files, on the issues page someone put the line to modify to get it to work.