Infinitary logic doesn't have (finite) Robinson property: a counterexample?
Let $\sigma = \{P,(c_\alpha)_{\alpha<\omega_1},f\}$, and let $\sigma' = \{P,(c_\alpha)_{\alpha<\omega_1},(d_n)_{n<\omega}\}$. Here $P$ is a unary relation symbol, $f$ is a unary function symbol, and the $c_\alpha$ and $d_n$ are constant symbols. Then $\sigma\cap \sigma' = \{P,(c_\alpha)_{\alpha<\omega_1}\}$ Now define: \begin{align*}\Psi &= \{P(c_\alpha)\land P(c_\beta)\land c_\alpha\neq c_\beta\mid \alpha<\beta<\omega_1\}\cup \{\exists x_1\dots\exists x_n(\bigwedge_{i=1}^n \lnot P(x_i)\land \bigwedge_{i\neq j} x_i\neq x_j)\mid n<\omega\}\\ \varphi &: (\forall x\, (P(x)\rightarrow \lnot P(f(x)))\land (\forall x\forall y\, (f(x) = f(y)\rightarrow x = y))\\ \varphi' &: \forall x\, (\lnot P(x)\rightarrow \bigvee_{n<\omega} (x = d_n)) \end{align*}
A model of $\Psi$ has $\omega_1$-many distinct elements named by constants and satisfying $P$ (as well as possibly other elements satisfying $P$), and infinitely many elements satisfying $\lnot P$. I claim that any two such models, say $M$ and $N$, are $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}(\sigma\cap \sigma')$-equivalent. Since any sentence of $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}$ only mentions countably many symbols, it suffices to show that for any countable signature $\sigma^*\subseteq (\sigma\cap \sigma')$, the reducts $M|_{\sigma^*}$ and $N|_{\sigma^*}$ are $\mathcal{L}_{\omega_1,\omega}(\sigma^*)$-equivalent. Now $M|_{\sigma^*}$ and $N|_{\sigma^*}$ consist of countably-many distinct elements named by constants and satisfying $P$, infinitely many other elements satisfying $P$, and infinitely many elements satisfying $\lnot P$. By the infinite Ehrenfeucht-Fraïssé game, $M|_{\sigma^*}$ and $N|_{\sigma^*}$ are $L_{\infty,\omega}(\sigma^*)$-equivalent.
A model of $\Psi\cup \{\varphi\}$ is a model $M$ of $\Psi$ together with an injective function $f\colon M\to M$ which maps $P$ into $\lnot P$. This is satisfiable, e.g. by taking $P$ to be $\omega_1$, with $c_\alpha = \alpha$, taking $\lnot P$ to be a disjoint set $X$ of size $\aleph_1$, and taking $f = g\cup g^{-1}$, where $g$ is a bijection $X\to \omega_1$.
A model of $\Psi\cup \{\varphi'\}$ is a model $M$ of $\Psi$ such that every element of $\lnot P$ is named by some constant $d_n$. This is satisfiable, e.g. by taking $P$ to be $\omega_1$, with $c_\alpha = \alpha$, taking $\lnot P$ to be a disjoint countably infinite set, each element of which is the interpretation of one of the constants $d_n$.
But $\Psi\cup \{\varphi,\varphi'\}$ is not satisfiable, because $\varphi$ forces $\lnot P$ to be uncountable, while $\varphi'$ forces $\lnot P$ to be countable.