How to write bytes to a file in Python 3 without knowing the encoding?
In Python 2.x with 'file-like' object:
sys.stdout.write(bytes_)
tempfile.TemporaryFile().write(bytes_)
open('filename', 'wb').write(bytes_)
StringIO().write(bytes_)
How to do the same in Python 3?
How to write equivalent of this Python 2.x code:
def write(file_, bytes_):
file_.write(bytes_)
Note: sys.stdout
is not always semantically a text stream. It might be beneficial to consider it as a stream of bytes sometimes. For example, make encrypted archive of dir/ on remote machine:
tar -c dir/ | gzip | gpg -c | ssh user@remote 'dd of=dir.tar.gz.gpg'
There is no point to use Unicode in this case.
It's a matter of using APIs that operate on bytes, rather than strings.
sys.stdout.buffer.write(bytes_)
As the docs explain, you can also detach
the streams, so they're binary by default.
This accesses the underlying byte buffer.
tempfile.TemporaryFile().write(bytes_)
This is already a byte API.
open('filename', 'wb').write(bytes_)
As you would expect from the 'b', this is a byte API.
from io import BytesIO
BytesIO().write(bytes_)
BytesIO
is the byte equivalent to StringIO
.
EDIT: write
will Just Work on any binary file-like object. So the general solution is just to find the right API.
Specify binary mode, 'b', when you open your file:
with open('myfile.txt', 'wb') as w:
w.write(bytes)
https://docs.python.org/3.3/library/functions.html#open