Referring a long phrase
Solution 1:
Revised answer after comments from OP
According to the Wikipedia page on Basmala, Bismillah is an incipit. According to ODO, the definition of incipit is:
"The opening of a manuscript, early printed book, or chanted liturgical text."3
First answer
Colloquialism. According to ODO:
"A word or phrase that is not formal or literary and is used in ordinary or familiar conversation."1
Attribution
1 "Colloquialism | Definition of Colloquialism in English by Oxford Dictionaries." Oxford Dictionaries | English. Accessed March 22, 2018. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/colloquialism.
3 "Incipit | Definition of Incipit in English by Oxford Dictionaries." Oxford Dictionaries | English. Accessed March 22, 2018. https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/incipit.