Disabling daemons with lauchctl doesn't work, even with System Integrity Protection disabled

In general, stopping/deleting Apple services is a mistake. It leads to other unexpected issues which often can only be fixed by a reinstall of macOS.

If you really must, for this particular service I would try deleting (perhaps in Recovery mode) /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/com.apple.apsd.plist and /Library/Preferences/com.apple.apsd.launchd and rebooting.

No guarantees this works as this is not something most people would want to test. Report how you go in the comments. Even if it works, you may need to repeat the process after every macOS update.

If you want to stop macOS from contacting Apple there are lots of other services to remove.

An alternative to removing services is to block their network access with Little Snitch. But even that can be difficult.