Rename MultiIndex columns in Pandas

df = pd.DataFrame([[1,2,3], [10,20,30], [100,200,300]])
df.columns = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples((("a", "b"), ("a", "c"), ("d", "f")))
df

returns

     a         d
     b    c    f
0    1    2    3
1   10   20   30
2  100  200  300

and

df.columns.levels[1]

returns

Index([u'b', u'c', u'f'], dtype='object')

I want to rename "f" to "e". According to pandas.MultiIndex.rename I run:

df.columns.rename(["b1", "c1", "f1"], level=1)

But it raises

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-110-b171a2b5706c> in <module>()
----> 1 df.columns.rename(["b1", "c1", "f1"], level=1)

C:\Users\USERNAME\AppData\Local\Continuum\Miniconda2\lib\site-packages\pandas\indexes\base.pyc in set_names(self, names, level, inplace)
    994         if level is not None and not is_list_like(level) and is_list_like(
    995                 names):
--> 996             raise TypeError("Names must be a string")
    997 
    998         if not is_list_like(names) and level is None and self.nlevels > 1:

TypeError: Names must be a string

I use Python 2.7.12 |Continuum Analytics, Inc.| (default, Jun 29 2016, 11:07:13) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)]' and pandas 0.19.1

Solution 1:

Use set_levels:

In [22]:
df.columns.set_levels(['b1','c1','f1'],level=1,inplace=True)
df

Out[22]:
     a         d
    b1   c1   f1
0    1    2    3
1   10   20   30
2  100  200  300

rename sets the name for the index, it doesn't rename the column names:

In [26]:
df.columns = df.columns.rename("b1", level=1)
df

Out[26]:
      a         d
b1    b    c    f
0     1    2    3
1    10   20   30
2   100  200  300

This is why you get the error

Solution 2:

In pandas 0.21.0+ use parameter level=1:

d = dict(zip(df.columns.levels[1], ["b1", "c1", "f1"]))
print (d)
{'c': 'c1', 'b': 'b1', 'f': 'f1'}

df = df.rename(columns=d, level=1)
print (df)
     a         d
    b1   c1   f1
0    1    2    3
1   10   20   30
2  100  200  300