How to get Docker containers to talk to each other while running on my local host?

I have a Webapp running completely locally on my MacBook.

The Webapp has a Front End (Angular/Javascript) and a Back End (Python/Django) which implements a RESTful API.

I have Dockerized the Back End so that it is completely self-contained in a Docker Container and exposes port 8000. I map this port locally to 4026.

Now I need to Dockerize the Front End. But if I have these two docker containers running on my localhost, how can I get the FE to send HTTP requests to the BE? The FE container won't know anything that exists outside of it. Right?

This is how I run the FE:

$ http-server
Starting up http-server, serving ./
Available on:
  http://127.0.0.1:8080
  http://192.168.1.16:8080
Hit CTRL-C to stop the server

Please provide references explaining how I can achieve this.

The way to do this today is Docker Networking.

The short version is that you can run docker network ls to get a listing of your networks. By default, you should have one called bridge. You can either create a new one or use this one by passing --net=bridge when creating your container. From there, containers launched with the same network can communicate with each other over exposed ports.

If you use Docker Compose as has been mentioned, it will create a bridge network for you when you run docker-compose up with a name matching the folder of your project and _default appended. Each image defined in the Compose file will get launched in this network automatically.

With all that said, I'm guessing your frontend is a webserver that just serves up the HTML/JS/CSS and those pages access the backend service. If that's accurate, you don't really need container-to-container communication in this case anyway... both need to be exposed to the host since connections originate from the client system.

There are multiple ways to do this and the simplest answer is to use Docker-Compose. You can use Docker-compose to allow multiple services to run a server.

If you are not using Docker-Compose and running individual containers, then expose both services port with host and use those services on such on links like:

docker run -p 3306:3306 mysql
docker run -p 8088:80 nginx 

Now you can communicate as:

http://hostip:3306 
http://hostip:8088 

Now you can communicate with containers using hostIP.

I think the most elegant solution would be to create a software defined network, but for this simple example, it may be a bit overkill. Nevertheless when you think about running things in production, maybe even on different servers, this is the way to go.

Until then, you may opt to link the containers. E.g., when you used to start your frontend container like this:

$ docker run -p 8080:8080 --name frontend my-frontend

You now could do it like this:

$ docker run -p 8080:8080 --name frontend --link backend:backend my-frontend

The trick here is to also start the backend container and giving it a name using the --name flag. Then, you can refer to this name in the --link flag and access the backend from within the frontend container using its name (--link takes care of automatically adding the linked container to the /etc/hosts file).

This way you do not have to rely on a specific IP address, be it the host's one or whatever.