Shortcut to open Terminal and run some commands
First you need a script like one from the following example:
#!/bin/bash
commands () {
cd / # change directory, in this case to `/`
echo "your_password" | sudo -S mkdir -p "test" # execute a command as root for which the password is automatically filled
$SHELL # keep the terminal open after the previous commands are executed
}
export -f commands
gnome-terminal -e "bash -c 'commands'"
Don't forget to make the script executable!
Then, if you are not familiar about how to execute a script using a desktop shortcut, see Execute sh script from *.desktop file?.