Pandas groupby nlargest sum

I am trying to use groupby, nlargest, and sum functions in Pandas together, but having trouble making it work.

State    County    Population
Alabama  a         100
Alabama  b         50
Alabama  c         40
Alabama  d         5
Alabama  e         1
...
Wyoming  a.51      180
Wyoming  b.51      150
Wyoming  c.51      56
Wyoming  d.51      5

I want to use groupby to select by state, then get the top 2 counties by population. Then use only those top 2 county population numbers to get a sum for that state.

In the end, I'll have a list that will have the state and the population (of it's top 2 counties).

I can get the groupby and nlargest to work, but getting the sum of the nlargest(2) is a challenge.

The line I have right now is simply: df.groupby('State')['Population'].nlargest(2)

Solution 1:

You can use apply after performing the groupby:

df.groupby('State')['Population'].apply(lambda grp: grp.nlargest(2).sum())

I think this issue you're having is that df.groupby('State')['Population'].nlargest(2) will return a DataFrame, so you can no longer do group level operations. In general, if you want to perform multiple operations in a group, you'll need to use apply/agg.

The resulting output:

State
Alabama    150
Wyoming    330

EDIT

A slightly cleaner approach, as suggested by @cᴏʟᴅsᴘᴇᴇᴅ:

df.groupby('State')['Population'].nlargest(2).sum(level=0)

This is slightly slower than using apply on larger DataFrames though.

Using the following setup:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from string import ascii_letters

n = 10**6
df = pd.DataFrame({'A': np.random.choice(list(ascii_letters), size=n),
                   'B': np.random.randint(10**7, size=n)})

I get the following timings:

In [3]: %timeit df.groupby('A')['B'].apply(lambda grp: grp.nlargest(2).sum())
103 ms ± 1.08 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

In [4]: %timeit df.groupby('A')['B'].nlargest(2).sum(level=0)
147 ms ± 3.38 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

The slower performance is potentially caused by the level kwarg in sum performing a second groupby under the hood.

Solution 2:

Using agg, the grouping logic looks like:

df.groupby('State').agg({'Population': {lambda x: x.nlargest(2).sum() }})

This results in another dataframe object; which you could query to find the most populous states, etc.

           Population
State
Alabama    150
Wyoming    330