Is there a simpler sentence than this?

"Each of the first ten whole numbers is written on a card."

The sentence will be used to support the following question:

Find the probability that a card taken at random has a label of an even number.

Solution 1:

"The [ten] numbers 1 to 10 are written on one card each."

(That would be my suggestion; other alternatives may be "Each of the numbers 1 to 10 is written on a separate card", or even "The ten numbers 1 to 10 are written on ten cards, one number on each card.")

Solution 2:

There is a card with a number for each whole number from 1 to 10.

Solution 3:

Maybe not relevant for spoken language or non mathematical settings, but the term whole number is ambiguous. In this case I think you mean the natural numbers or non-negative integers, starting at 1 ( {1,2,3,4...} ). Whole numbers (usually including the negative integers as well) do not have a notion of first, unless you define an order to them like { 0, 1, -1, 2. -2, ...}, used to show their countability.

But to your question. I would phrase it like this (edited based on comments):

The numbers 1 through 10 are written on a card each.

or

There are ten cards numbered 1 to 10, one number on each card.