Minecraft running at 2 fps; more than sufficient hardware specification, lag-o-meter maxed out during rendering pass and sporadic memory access errors

Solution 1:

Memory Access violation could be Minecraft having trouble with generating dump file after already silently crashing.

I would suggest looking into both BIOS updates (to help rule out issues with ram you could check if there is built-in health check tools provided by your laptop's manufacturer) and newest Intel graphics drivers - Intel has notoriously bad OpenGL support and it may be the reason behind the crashes/slow downs.