What default Windows Software Alternatives does Ubuntu have! [closed]

This former Windows user is all set with a new Ubuntu installed to his box. And now I'd like to know what default applications I have in my system? And esp. for these categories:

Audio
Video
Graphics & Design
Internet & Network
Torrent client
Office Packages (Word Processors, Spreadsheet, etc.)
System and Administrative tools
command line emulator

Solution 1:

A little about Ubuntu...

Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating system, with Unity as its default desktop environment. It is based on free software and named after the Southern African philosophy of ubuntu (literally, "human-ness"), which often is translated as "humanity towards others" or "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity".

Development of Ubuntu is led by Canonical Ltd., owned by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. According to Canonical, the Ubuntu project is committed to the principles of open source development; people are encouraged to use free software, study how it works, improve upon it, and distribute it.

Homepage: ubuntu.com

Here's the list of some default applications (along with some alternatives):

(The applications that are default or have been default in the past are marked with an asterisk (*).)

GUI Program installers

These are some great graphical front ends for package management. Categorized applications list with description, screenshots, ratings, etc. is really helpful to search and install the application that meets your need.

Ubuntu Software Centre*
Synaptic*
Kyum

Audio

Audio Player [Alt. to Winamp; Windows Media Player]

Audacious
amaroK
Banshee*
Rhythmbox*
VLC

Audio Editor [Alt. to SoundForge; Adobe Audition]

Audacity
LMMS
Ardour

Stream Browser

last.fm

CD Ripper

Arson
Sound Juicer

Video

Video Player [Alt. to BSplayer; Windows Media Player; VLC]

KPlayer
VLC
Totem*

Video Editor [Alt. to Adobe Premiere]

LiVES
Avidemux
OpenShot Video Editor
Kdenlive

DVD Ripper

Handbrake
Brasero*

Screen Capture

Xvidcap
recordMyDesktop

Video/Audio format converter/transcoder

[Alt. to FormatFactory, Total Video Converter, etc.]

WinFF
HandBrake
Avidemux
Transmageddon

Graphics & Design

Image editor [Alt. to Adobe Photoshop]

GIMP*
Krita
Tux Paint

Image Organizer [Alt. to Picasa]

Shotwell*
F-Spot
digiKam

Vectorgraphics editor [Alt. to CorelDraw]

Inkscape
Karbon

3D Modeler [Alt. to 3D Max; Maya]

Blender3D
Wings 3D
Equinox-3D

Computer Aided Design [Alt. to AutoCAD; MathCAD]

BRL-CAD
FreeCAD

Internet & Network

Internet Browser [Alt. to Internet Explorer]

Chromium
Firefox*
Opera
SeaMonkey
Konqueror
Links2
Lynx - Text browser for the World Wide Web

E-mail [Alt. to Outlook Express, Outlook]

Evolution*
Thunderbird*
KMail

Usenet/Newsreader [Alt. to Outlook Express, Forte Agent]

RSS Feed Reader

Liferea

FTP Client [Alt. to FileZilla; WS_FTP]

gFTP
FileZilla

Instant messenger [Alt. to AIM; ICQ; MSN; Yahoo!; Jabber; Gadu-gadu]

Pidgin (Formerly GAIM)
Kopete
aMSN
Kadu

Internet Relay Chat [Alt. to mIRC]

XChat
Konversation

Torrents

Deluge
BitTornado
aria2
Transmission*
KTorrent
qBittorrent
vuze

Download Manager/Accelerator

uGet
Axel
Steadyflow

VoIP [Alt. to Skype]

Skype
Ekiga

Graphical User Interface

Desktop Environment [Alt. to Explorer, Aston, GeoShell]

Unity
KDE
Gnome
Xfce
Cinnamon
Trinity
Mate (This AU page lists some more with great snapshots. Must visist: What different desktop environments and shells are available?)

Development

Web [Alt. to Dreamweaver]

Aptana
Bluefish
CSSed - CSS Editor
KompoZer
Screem

IDE [Alt. to MS Visual studio]

KDevelop
NetBeans
Anjuta - Anjuta is a versatile IDE for C and C++, written for GTK/GNOME
Eclipse - An extensible frameworks, tools and runtimes for building, deploying and managing software across the lifecycle
Eric - Python IDE
Qt
Geany

Office

Office Suite [Alt. to MS Office, Adobe Reader, etc.]

LibreOffice*
OpenOffice*
KingSoft Office
Scribus
PDFedit
evince* - Document viewer for multiple document formats like PDF, Postscript, djvu, tiff, dvi, XPS, etc.

Calendar [Alt. to Ms Outlook]

Evolution*
Mozilla Sunbird

Text Editors GUI [Alt. to Notepad]

gedit*
Leafpad
SciTE

System tools

File managers

[Alt. to Total Commander]

Krusader

[Alt. to Windows Explorer]

Konqueror
Nautilus*

CD Burners [Alt. to Nero]

Brasero *
K3B

Partition Managers [Alt. to Partition Magic]

Gparted*
QtParted

X Terminal Emulator

gnome-terminal*
xterm
konsole
guake
yakuake

Other Utilities

Dictionary

Artha
Dictionary (gnome-dictionary)*

Cleaning temporary/unwanted/duplicate files [Alt. to CCleaner, etc.]

FSlint
BleachBit
GtkOrphan
fdupes

System Monitor (gnome-system-monitor)* [Alt. to Task Manager]

Disk Utility (gnome-disk-utility)*

Disk Usage Analyzer (baobab)*

Archive Manager (file-roller)* [Alt. to WinRAR, 7zip, etc.]

Source of the list: ubuntuguide.org

Also visit: Ubuntu's Application Guide

More links for suggestions on Windows/MacOS X app alternatives:

http://www.linuxalt.com/
http://linuxappfinder.com/alternatives
http://alternativeto.net/

(Courtesy: falconer, wilf, Jason R, Steelsouls, Kunal Sangwan, number5 for suggestions with applications and links.)

Solution 2:

I think this here is the best choice and best answer. http://linuxappfinder.com/alternatives ! Hope it helps. It has 17 page documentation.