How can I run a Windows executable from WSL (Ubuntu) Bash
Along with Windows 10 Anniversary update for summer 2016, came the possibility to run ubuntu binaries inside the new Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL), a "lightweight" virtualized subsystem.
Unfortunately, launching C:\Windows\System32\bash.exe
, another bash
ELF binary starts a process inside the WSL, from where you cannot escape! You may launch only other ELF binaries.
So how can I execute *.exe
files from Windows Bash?[1]
[1] Question asked also in Microsoft's "official" GH support repo.
In the Windows 10 Creators Update (build 1703, April 2017), this is natively supported. So you can now run Windows binaries from Linux...
notepad.exe
or any other .exe
(the extension is needed and it needs being on your path, some older versions need the whole path)
...and vice versa using one of the following:
-
bash.exe -c command_to_run
i.e:bash.exe -c ls
-
bash -c command_to_run
i.e:bash -c ls
-
wsl command_to_run
i.e:wsl "ls"
; or specify the distro you want to use to run it using:ubuntu run ls
For more information, see the above linked article.
Native solution
The official solution provided with Windows 10 Insider Preview Update (14951) is based on the almost forgotten binfmt_msc Linux facility for launching binaries. The registration command for the binfmt_misc would be like this (where /init
is the provisional binfmt_misc "interpreter" for the win-executables):
sudo echo ":WSLInterop:M::MZ::/init:" > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
And then win-executable would be launched like regular programs:
$ export PATH=$PATH:/mnt/c/Windows/System32
$ notepad.exe
$ ipconfig.exe | grep IPv4 | cut -d: -f2
$ ls -la | findstr.exe foo.txt
$ cmd.exe /c dir
Not that any win-executable must reside in the windows (DrvFs) file-system - not on the Linux's file-system (VolFs) - in order to inherit a proper Windows working-directory.
The cbwin alternative
Untill you get the latest build, project cbwin offers a workaround, by installing 3 new linux commands inside WSL:
-
wcmd
: call a win-executable throughcmd.exe
. -
wrun
: call a win-executable synchronously withCreateProcess
, and wait to die (not usingcmd.exe
). -
wstart
: launch a detached (asynchronously) command (with the use ofcmd.exe
).
In order to use them, you must:
- Install cbwin:
- a new
outbash.exe
will be installed in your regular Windows filesystem (somewhere in your%PATH%
), plus - the 3 linux-commands in the WSL filesystem.
- a new
- Use this
outbash.exe
(wherever you installed it) to start WSL, NOTC:\Windows\System32\bash.exe
! - Prefix any win-executables with one of those commands, e.g.
wrun notepad
.
Tip: If the executable launched with wcmd
or wrun
spawns any children, these survive only for as long that executable remains alive.
In other words, trying to start notepad.exe
with wcmd
won't work, because notepad will be killed just after having been launched -- Use wrun
(synchronously) or wstart
(asynchronously) in this case.
While running an .exe
from the command line works, when running from say PHP via exec()
I couldn't get that to work. Adding /init
, however , does work. This is my working /usr/local/bin/convert
file for GraphicsMagick installed on Windows:
#!/bin/sh
/init "$(ls /mnt/c/Program*/GraphicsMagick*/gm.exe|tail -1)" convert "$@"
why not just use
$ powershell.exe Start filename
Start
is the Windows equivalent to xdg-open
on most linux or open
on macOS, which means "open with default desktop application". I like to alias it to open.