How do I stop byobu from launching at login?

You can permanently disable byobu on login by executing the following command:

byobu-disable

You can also turn it off on the fly and get to a bare metal login by skipping it entirely before you ssh in:

ssh -t yourhost.com bash

And you can globally set this in your environment, affecting all of your outgoing SSH session by adding this to your ~/.bashrc:

export LC_BYOBU=0

Note that you could also export LC_BYOBU=1 to globaly enable byobu at login for all of your outgoing ssh connections.