In "get married," etc., is "married" a verb or an adjective?

I am not sure how to explain these phrases to a nonspeaker of English. Have all these examples the same form?

Get (v) married (v past participle)   or it is Get(v) married (adj)  ?
Get (v) engaged (v past participle)                   engaged (adj)  ?  
Get (v) divorced (v past participle)                  divorced (adj) ?
Get (v) promoted (v past participle)                  promoted (adj) ?

Could somebody help me?

Solution 1:

"Get" + "married" can be either an adjectival passive or a verbal one:

In the former, "married" is an adjective; in the latter a past participle verb.

[1] They are hoping to get married by the bishop. (verbal passive)

[2] They are getting married at the weekend. (adjectival)

In [1] the by phrase makes it clearly verbal, so "married" is a verb here. In [2] there is no explicit or implicit agent, and even though "married" (unlike "engaged"), cannot combine with "become" (*“They became married”), "married" is still an adjective here with a meaning similar to "They are marrying each other".

[3] They got engaged last month.

"Get" + "engaged" is always an adjectival passive. "Engaged" is morphologically related to the past participle verb, but its meaning has changed so it is no longer comparable to a verbal passive. Further evidence of adjectivehood comes from the fact that it can combine with “become”, as in “They became engaged last month”. Only adjectives can combine with “become”.

Solution 2:

I might take the opportunity to explain participial adjectives to your student.

In English grammar, participial adjective is a traditional term for an adjective that has the same form as the participle (that is, a verb ending in -ing or -ed/-en) and that usually exhibits the ordinary properties of an adjective.

https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-participial-adjective-1691486

Examples provided here include:

I was alarmed by the loud bang.

I'm so excited! I'm going on holiday tomorrow!

In your case, I think that's how you would consider the word "married."

I'm getting married.

We got married.

I am married.

We are going to be married.