Non-deterministic behavior of `sudo`
Solution 1:
Sid is still not stable, it might be a bug, I suggest you submit it to Debian here.
Solution 2:
Bug already filled. Workaround:
In my case I've changed /etc/pam.d/login and /etc/pam.d/gdm3* and added a line
session required pam_loginuid.sojust before @include common-session
(from Michael Biebl's response)