What Are The Correct/Default Volume/Folder/File Permissions For A Time Machine Image?
Time Machine sparsebundles use a very customized set of ACLs on the image file itself and the enclosing folders. Here's an example from a image created by a TM server for a Mac laptop (Qwe's laptop).
>ls -lae
total 16
drwxrwx---+ 5 Ben staff 170 14 Jul 2018 .
0: group:com.apple.access_backup allow list,add_file,search,add_subdirectory,delete_child
1: user:_spotlight inherited allow list,search,file_inherit,directory_inherit
2: user:qwe allow list,add_file,search,add_subdirectory,delete_child,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity,file_inherit,directory_inherit
drwxrwxr-x@ 32 Ben staff 1156 29 Nov 11:59 ..
-rw-r--r--@ 1 qwe staff 6148 2 Sep 2015 .DS_Store
0: user:_spotlight inherited allow read,execute
1: user:qwe inherited allow read,write,execute,append,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity
-rw-r--r--+ 1 Ben staff 0 21 Jul 2016 .com.apple.timemachine.supported
0: user:_spotlight inherited allow read,execute
1: user:qwe inherited allow read,write,execute,append,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity
drwx------+ 11 qwe staff 374 10 Dec 19:05 Qwe's MacBook Air.sparsebundle
0: user:_spotlight inherited allow list,search,file_inherit,directory_inherit
1: user:qwe inherited allow list,add_file,search,add_subdirectory,delete_child,readattr,writeattr,readextattr,writeextattr,readsecurity,file_inherit,directory_inherit
.
It's generally better to backup directly to an HFS+ format drive directly connected to your Mac, without using an image, if you can. Using disk images is reserved for network volumes and disk formatted to other file system types.