One word for an ability that is self-destructive
"The scientist's brilliance turned out to be a double-edged sword for him."
Neither an adjective nor an adverb, this idiom seems to fit perfectly.
From TFD - "something that causes both advantages and problems."
From MW "something that has or can have both favorable and unfavorable consequences"
"His great intelligence was a real double-edged sword because he never felt he could communicate with ordinary people." - TFD
"This much freedom of expression and opinion can be a double-edged sword." - MW