Can I downgrade to macOS Mojave if I buy the new 2019 MacBook Pro?

Update

Apple has released a new 16" MacBook Pro on 13 November 2019. It replaces the 15" MacBook Pro lineup. The new 16" MacBook Pro comes pre-installed with macOS Catalina 10.15.1 and cannot be downgraded to run macOS Mojave, or earlier releases of macOS.

Yes

So far, year 2019 has seen three releases of MacBook Pro:

1. 13-inch, Four Thunderbolt 3 Ports (May 21, 2019).

2. 15-inch (May 21, 2019).

3. 13-inch, Two Thunderbolt 3 Ports (July 9, 2019).

_{Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacBook_Pro#Technical_specifications_4}

All three of them came pre-installed with macOS Mojave 10.14.5 (However, the build number of macOS for the former two is 18F132, and for the one released in July is 18F2058).

_{Source: Mactracker macOS app}

macOS Mojave saw a point release past 10.14.5 with the current latest public release at 10.14.6.

Can I downgrade to macOS Mojave if I buy the new MacBook Pro?

So, yes it is possible to downgrade to run macOS Mojave 10.14.5 or later on all the MacBook Pro's released in 2019 till date. Even if the MacBook Pro you purchase comes pre-installed with macOS Catalina 10.15, it would be possible to install and run macOS Mojave 10.14.5 or later as the build includes the necessary drivers for the newer machines.

Note: This above information will most likely not hold true for any newer Mac/MacBook hardware that happen to get released by Apple during the remainder of the year 2019.

If the machine was released during the lifetime of Mojave, then it is likely that you can downgrade the OS. But not guaranteed, depending on firmware updates and other issues.

The current 2019 MacBook Pros were all released earlier this year, and shipped with Mojave 10.14.5, so that release contains the drivers for the hardware. It's possible some came with special builds, so you'll need to install 10.14.6.

If you really need to stay sub-Catalina, then I'd recommend staying with your current Mac, or getting a newer but secondhand Mac.

Very unlikely.

Macs (generally) ship with the earliest operating system they will work with. The problem with previous versions of macOS is they do not have the model specific drivers to support the new features of a new Mac because they came out before that new Mac was ready.

I have heard some rare cases where some Macs were able to work with previous versions of macOS, but those are few and far between, and getting more rare as time goes on.

So if you NEED a system that supports Mojave best get it now before new ones come out and you end up with a system that REALLY won't work for you.

I got the new 16 inch MacBook Pro that shipped with macOS Catalina and my workplace apps do not support it.

I was asked by my IT support team to downgrade to Mojave but when I called Apple Support to help with that downgrade, I came to know that it isn't possible to downgrade.

The App Store doesn't allow me to download Mojave, already warning me not to look that way.

Like the pros already mentioned here, the reason could be due to the T2 chip, bridgeOS, EFI, etc.