nginx rewrite base url

You really want to be matching exactly the root URL in your location block, not "absolutely everything":

location = / {
    rewrite ^ /something/else break;
}

This should do the job:

location / {
   rewrite  ^/$  /something/else  break;
}

The rewrite statement performs an internal rewrite by default unless the target is an absolute URL or you set the redirect or permanent flags. Something like this would return an HTTP redirect to the client:

rewrite ^/$ /something/else redirect;