Dependency Injection with classes other than a Controller class

At this point I'm injecting things into my Controllers with ease, in some cases building my own ResolverServices class. Life is good.

What I cannot figure out how to do is get the framework to automatically inject into non-controller classes. What does work is having the framework automatically inject into my controller IOptions, which is effectively the configuration for my project:

public class MessageCenterController : Controller
{
    private readonly MyOptions _options;

    public MessageCenterController(IOptions<MyOptions> options)
    {
        _options = options.Value;
    }
}

I'm thinking whether I can do the same for for my own classes. I assume I'm close when I mimic the controller, like this:

public class MyHelper
{
    private readonly ProfileOptions _options;

    public MyHelper(IOptions<ProfileOptions> options)
    {
        _options = options.Value;
    }

    public bool CheckIt()
    {
        return _options.SomeBoolValue;
    }
}

I think where I'm failing is when I call it like this:

public void DoSomething()
{
    var helper = new MyHelper(??????);

    if (helper.CheckIt())
    {
        // Do Something
    }
}

The problem I have tracking this down is practically everything that talks about DI is talking about it at the controller level. I tried hunting down where it happens in the Controller object source code, but it gets kinda crazy in there.

I do know I can manually create an instance of IOptions and pass it to the MyHelper constructor, but it seems like I should be able to get the framework do that since it works for Controllers.

Solution 1:

Below is a working example of using DI without anything that involves MVC Controllers. This is what I needed to do to understand the process, so maybe it will help somebody else.

The ShoppingCart object gets, via DI, an instance of INotifier (which notifies the customer of their order.)

using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System;

namespace DiSample
{
    // STEP 1: Define an interface.
    /// <summary>
    /// Defines how a user is notified. 
    /// </summary>
    public interface INotifier
    {
        void Send(string from, string to, string subject, string body);
    }

    // STEP 2: Implement the interface
    /// <summary>
    /// Implementation of INotifier that notifies users by email.
    /// </summary>
    public class EmailNotifier : INotifier
    {
        public void Send(string from, string to, string subject, string body)
        {
            // TODO: Connect to something that will send an email.
        }
    }

    // STEP 3: Create a class that requires an implementation of the interface.
    public class ShoppingCart
    {
        INotifier _notifier;

        public ShoppingCart(INotifier notifier)
        {
            _notifier = notifier;
        }

        public void PlaceOrder(string customerEmail, string orderInfo)
        {
            _notifier.Send("[email protected]", customerEmail, $"Order Placed", $"Thank you for your order of {orderInfo}");
        }

    }

    public class Program
    {
        // STEP 4: Create console app to setup DI
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            // create service collection
            var serviceCollection = new ServiceCollection();

            // ConfigureServices(serviceCollection)
            serviceCollection.AddTransient<INotifier, EmailNotifier>();

            // create service provider
            var serviceProvider = serviceCollection.BuildServiceProvider();

            // This is where DI magic happens:
            var myCart = ActivatorUtilities.CreateInstance<ShoppingCart>(serviceProvider);

            myCart.PlaceOrder("[email protected]", "2 Widgets");

            System.Console.Write("Press any key to end.");
            System.Console.ReadLine();
        }
    }
}

Solution 2:

Let's say MyHelper is used by MyService which in turn is used by your controller.

The way to resolve this situation is:

• Register both MyService and MyHelper in Startup.ConfigureServices.

  services.AddTransient<MyService>();
  services.AddTransient<MyHelper>();
  

• The controller receives an instance of MyService in its constructor.

  public HomeController(MyService service) { ... }
  

• MyService constructor will in turn receive an instance of MyHelper.

  public MyService(MyHelper helper) { ... }
  

The DI framework will be able resolve the whole object graph without problems. If you are worried about new instances being created every time an object is resolved, you can read about the different lifetime and registration options like the singleton or request lifetimes.

You should be really suspicious when you think you have to manually create an instance of some service, as you might end up in the service locator anti-pattern. Better leave creating the objects to the DI Container. If you really find yourself in that situation (let's say you create an abstract factory), then you could use the IServiceProvider directly (Either request an IServiceProvider in your constructor or use the one exposed in the httpContext).

var foo = serviceProvider.GetRequiredService<MyHelper>();

I would recommend reading the specific documentation about the ASP.Net 5 DI framework and about dependency injection in general.

Solution 3:

Unfortunately there is no direct way. The only way I managed to make it work is by creating a static class and using that everywhere else as below:

public static class SiteUtils
{

 public static string AppName { get; set; }

    public static string strConnection { get; set; }

}

Then in your startup class, fill it in as below:

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IHostingEnvironment env, ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    //normal as detauls , removed for space 
    // set my variables all over the site

    SiteUtils.strConnection = Configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection");
    SiteUtils.AppName = Configuration.GetValue<string>("AppName");
}

Although this is bad pattern, as this will stay for the whole life cycle of the application and I couldn't find better way to use it outside controller.