Is there a way to figure out when was my ipad / iphone disconnected from charge cable?
There actually is a way to find out when your iPad was disconnected from the charging cable. If you have iOS 12, you can go to Settings -> Battery
and look at the graph.
The part with the light green shadow with the little lightning symbol is the time when it is charging. When it gets unplugged, the light green section will stop and you can tell when your iPad was unplugged.
In my professional experience I say it was definitely the cats.