How to configure Ctrl+backspace Linux behavior in macOS terminal?

To get this to work the way you want, you have to set the option key to be used as a Meta key. To do this:

  1. Launch Terminal
  2. Go to Terminal > Preferences...
  3. Select the Profiles icon at top
  4. Select the profile you're using from the lefthand side
  5. Click on the Keyboard tab on the righthand side
  6. Now tick the Use Option as Meta key checkbox at bottom of the screen
  7. Exit preferences

Now to achieve what you want, do as follows:

Press option + delete to delete back one word