Make certain blocks indestructible in creative mode (Minecraft Java 20w10a)

All blocks can be broken in Creative mode. If you wanted a horizontal border, you could use the world border for that, but even that can be bypassed in Spectator mode.

The best solution is probably to replace the ground at all times. Put this command into a repeating command block:

execute at @a run fill ~-5 0 ~-5 ~5 0 ~5 bedrock replace air

This replaces air with bedrock a certain range around every player at the lowest height level.

The only remaining problem then is that you can still fall through the block when you break it while standing on it. This is probably a bug, I created a report about it: https://bugs.mojang.com/browse/MC-174386

You can work around it using this additional command:

execute as @a at @s if entity @s[y=0,dy=0] run tp @s ~ 1 ~

This teleports you to height y=1 whenever you are at height y=0.

You should only get a feedback message from the first command whenever you break a bedrock block and from the second one whenever you start falling through the block, but if you still want to get rid of this output, you can disable command block feedback in general:

/gamerule commandBlockOutput false

In vanilla* java-based Minecraft there is no way to make bedrock not destructible in creative mode. It is designed that way. You would have to bring this up with the developers why this is so and if they would be willing to make this an option to not have it be destructible.

You might try to combat this with command blocks but this will mitigate the issue at best, not solve it. And even if you would stick a command block to a clock that would replace the ground constantly with bedrock you might end up falling through between clock ticks and the faster you trigger the command or the bigger the space is it is replacing the more your game (or server) performance will take a hit.

*I say vanilla because I am not familiar if any non standard server hosting tools might have a solution but in terms of standard Java Minecraft there is no way, at least not for your version specified.