What does sfdisk do, and how does it compare to fdisk or parted?
Solution 1:
sfdisk reads and writes partition tables, but is not interactive like fdisk or cfdisk (it reads input from a file or stdin). It's generally used for partitioning drives from scripts or for partition table backup and recovery. Since it's command driven instead of menu driven, I can see the attraction for using it in documentation like this, since you can easily document the input.
Solution 2:
sfdisk is nice for software raid. When replacing a disk, simply:
sfdisk -d /dev/sda | sfdisk /dev/sdb
and you've cloned the partition table from sda to sdb.
now just add back to mdadm and good to go.
Solution 3:
sfdisk reads lines of the form
<start> <size> <id> <bootable> <c,h,s> <c,h,s>
where each line fills one partition descriptor.
... When a field is absent or empty, a default value is used.
So this sets up a new partition, starting at 0 and ending at the default of size.
The default value of size is as much as possible (until next partition or end-of-disk).