Difference between paste() and paste0()

Being new to R, can someone please explain the difference between paste() and paste0(), what I had understood from some post is that

paste0("a", "b") === paste("a", "b", sep="")

Even I tried something like this

a <- c("a","b","c")
b <- c("y","w","q")
paste(a,b,sep = "_")
**output**
"a_y" "b_w" "c_q"

using paste0()

a <- c("a","b","c")
b <- c("y","w","q")
paste0(a,b,sep = "_")
**output**
"ay_" "bw_" "cq_"

Is it just that paste() uses separator between elements and paste0() uses separator after the elements?

Solution 1:

As explained in this blog by Tyler Rinker:

paste has 3 arguments.

paste (..., sep = " ", collapse = NULL) The ... is the stuff you want to paste together and sep and collapse are the guys to get it done. There are three basic things I paste together:

• A bunch of individual character strings.
• 2 or more strings pasted element for element.
• One string smushed together.

Here's an example of each, though not with the correct arguments

paste("A", 1, "%") #A bunch of individual character strings.

paste(1:4, letters[1:4]) #2 or more strings pasted element for element.

paste(1:10) #One string smushed together. Here's the sep/collapse rule for each:

• A bunch of individual character strings – You want sep
• 2 or more strings pasted element for element. – You want sep
• One string smushed together.- Smushin requires collapse

paste0 is short for: paste(x, sep="") So it allows us to be lazier and more efficient.

paste0("a", "b") == paste("a", "b", sep="") ## [1] TRUE

Solution 2:

In simple words,

paste() is like concatenation using separation factor, whereas,

paste0() is like append function using separation factor.

Adding some more references to above discussion, below try outs can be useful to avoid confusion:

> paste("a","b")  #Here default separation factor is " " i.e. a space

[1] "a b"  

> paste0("a","b") #Here default separation factor is "" i.e a null

[1] "ab"

> paste("a","b",sep="-")

[1] "a-b"

> paste0("a","b",sep="-")

[1] "ab-"

> paste(1:4,"a")

[1] "1 a" "2 a" "3 a" "4 a"

> paste0(1:4,"a")

[1] "1a" "2a" "3a" "4a"

> paste(1:4,"a",sep="-")

[1] "1-a" "2-a" "3-a" "4-a"

> paste0(1:4,"a",sep="-")

[1] "1a-" "2a-" "3a-" "4a-"

Solution 3:

Let me put it in a simple words.. paste0 will automatically exclude the space in your concatenation..

For Example, I want to create a Training and test path..here's the code..

> Curr_date=format(Sys.Date(),"%d-%b-%y")

> currentTrainPath = paste("Train_",Curr_date,".RData")

> currentTrainPath

[1] "Train_ 11-Jun-16 .RData"

> Curr_date=format(Sys.Date(),"%d-%b-%y")

> currentTrainPath = paste0("Train_",Curr_date,".RData")

> currentTrainPath

[1] "Train_11-Jun-16.RData"