How to avoid dragons?

I usually carry invisibility potions with me,use it when you see dragon to get some head start and sprint further he will stop chasing you or you can at least get far away to fast travel,it might be a bad option to fast-travel if you haven't discovered any nearby locations to restore your journey.

I like to use Dragonrend as fast as I can on the dragon which causes it to land, so I try to escape by jumping off a few rocks or sneaking behind some cover.

If you are okay with not doing the main quest line until you discover all the locations you want, you can not kill the dragon at the Whiterun watchtower and no dragons will attack you.