Outputting an array of text values in the shape of a circle in p5.js

This is really a question about polar coordinates. Your x and y coordinates in the commented section are off. This is the idea:

var angleOffset = -1*PI/2;
for (var i=1; i<=12; i++) {
  angle = 2*PI*i/12 + angleOffset;
  text(i, radius*cos(angle), radius*sin(angle));
}

Edit: Full working code below

<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/p5.js/0.4.23/p5.min.js"></script>
<script>

var radius = 120.0;
var angle = 0.0;
var x=0, y=0;
var digits = [12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11];

function setup() {
  createCanvas(windowWidth,windowHeight);
}

function draw() {
for (var i = 0; i < 12; i++) { //loop for digits. Populate array.
digits[i] = text("[i]", 10, -radius+10);
for (var i = 0; i < digits.length; i++) {
fill(255,0,255)
text([i]);
}
}   
  background(255);
  translate(width/2, height/2);
  stroke(205,205,55);
  fill(255,0,255);
  ellipse(0,0,10,10);
  noFill();
  ellipse(0,0,250,250);
  stroke(25);
  fill(205,205,55);

  var angleOffset = -1*PI/2;
  for (var i=1; i<=12; i++) {
    angle = 2*PI*i/12 + angleOffset;
    text(i, radius*cos(angle), radius*sin(angle));
  }


  angle = (second() / 59.0) * TWO_PI;

  // memorize this formula, it's helpful
  x = cos(angle)* radius;
  y = sin(angle)* radius;

  stroke(255,0,255);

  //draw a line from the center of our screen and as long as our radius

  line(0,0,x,y);
  ellipse(x,y,10,10);
}

setup();
draw();

</script>