Syntax with pound and percent sign after shell parameter name [duplicate]

Please explain the following syntax:

  i##*.

  i%.*   

I understand what it's doing, but I want to know the general pattern (why/how is it doing so).

Code where it appears:

#!/bin/bash

recursive_name_change()
{
    cd "$1"
    for i in *
    do
        #echo "${i##*.}"
        if [ -d "$i" ]
        then
            recursive_name_change "$i"
        elif [ "${i##*.}" = "cpp" ]
        then
             new_name=${i%.*}".c"
        mv "$i" "$new_name"
        fi
        done
        cd ../
    }

recursive_name_change .

Someone please also suggest, where can I find these peculiar syntax forms from?

See Parameter Expansion in man bash:

   ${parameter#word}
   ${parameter##word}

Remove matching prefix pattern. The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches the beginning of the value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the # case) or the longest matching pattern (the ## case) deleted. If parameter is @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each member of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.

  ${parameter%word}
  ${parameter%%word}

Remove matching suffix pattern. The word is expanded to produce a pattern just as in pathname expansion. If the pattern matches a trailing portion of the expanded value of parameter, then the result of the expansion is the expanded value of parameter with the shortest matching pattern (the % case) or the longest matching pattern (the %% case) deleted. If parameter is @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each positional parameter in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list. If parameter is an array variable subscripted with @ or *, the pattern removal operation is applied to each mem- ber of the array in turn, and the expansion is the resultant list.

In short, # removes the pattern from the left, % from the right, doubling the symbol makes the matching greedy. (Mnemonic: # is to the left of % on most keyboards).