Word to describe object that can be physically passed through
Borrowing from Carl Sagan's The Dragon in My Garage, which suggests this word for specters:
incorporeal - having no physical body or form
(Definition from Merriam-Webster.)
I have to take issue with permeable. A sieve is permeable, a sponge is permeable, but unless you're a molecule or a virus or something similarly small you can't pass through.
How about ethereal or penetrable?
M-W:
ethereal: lacking material substance
penetrable: allowing someone or something to pass through or enter : able to be penetrated
It's not hard to imagine passing through anything ethereal.
It would not be unreasonable to consider a ghost, gas, or mist penetrable, in fact infinitely so.
Note: @Drew mentioned penetrable in a comment.
The word you're looking for is permeable.
Ghosts are permeable, a gauze curtain is permeable, a cloud is permeable.
Permeable
allowing liquids or gases to pass through