Overriding beans in Integration tests

For my Spring-Boot app I provide a RestTemplate though a @Configuration file so I can add sensible defaults(ex Timeouts). For my integration tests I would like to mock the RestTemplate as I dont want to connect to external services - I know what responses to expect. I tried providing a different implementation in the integration-test package in the hope that the latter will override the real implementation , but checking the logs it`s the other way around : the real implementation overrides the test one.

How can I make sure the one from the TestConfig is the one used?

This is my config file :

@Configuration
public class RestTemplateProvider {

    private static final int DEFAULT_SERVICE_TIMEOUT = 5_000;

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate(buildClientConfigurationFactory());
    }

    private ClientHttpRequestFactory buildClientConfigurationFactory() {
        HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setReadTimeout(DEFAULT_SERVICE_TIMEOUT);
        factory.setConnectTimeout(DEFAULT_SERVICE_TIMEOUT);
        return factory;
    }
}

Integration test:

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = TestConfiguration.class)
@WebAppConfiguration
@ActiveProfiles("it")
public abstract class IntegrationTest {}

TestConfiguration class:

@Configuration
@Import({Application.class, MockRestTemplateConfiguration.class})
public class TestConfiguration {}

And finally MockRestTemplateConfiguration

@Configuration
public class MockRestTemplateConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return Mockito.mock(RestTemplate.class)
    }
}

Since Spring Boot 1.4.x there is an option to use @MockBean annotation to fake Spring beans.

Reaction on comment:

To keep context in cache do not use @DirtiesContext, but use @ContextConfiguration(name = "contextWithFakeBean") and it will create separate context, while it will keep default context in cache. Spring will keep both (or how many contexts you have) in cache.

Our build is this way, where most of the tests are using default non-poluted config, but we have 4-5 tests that are faking beans. Default context is nicely reused

1. You can use @Primary annotation:

@Configuration
public class MockRestTemplateConfiguration {

    @Bean
    @Primary
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return Mockito.mock(RestTemplate.class)
    }
}

BTW, I wrote blog post about faking Spring bean

2. But I would suggest to take a look at Spring RestTemplate testing support. This would be simple example:

  private MockRestServiceServer mockServer;

  @Autowired
  private RestTemplate restTemplate;

  @Autowired
  private UsersClient usersClient;

  @BeforeMethod
  public void init() {
    mockServer = MockRestServiceServer.createServer(restTemplate);
  }

  @Test
  public void testSingleGet() throws Exception {
    // GIVEN
    int testingIdentifier = 0;
    mockServer.expect(requestTo(USERS_URL + "/" + testingIdentifier))
      .andExpect(method(HttpMethod.GET))
      .andRespond(withSuccess(TEST_RECORD0, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON));


    // WHEN
    User user = usersClient.getUser(testingIdentifier);

    // THEN
    mockServer.verify();
    assertEquals(user.getName(), USER0_NAME);
    assertEquals(user.getEmail(), USER0_EMAIL);
  }

More examples can be found in my Github repo here

The Problem in your configuration is that you are using @Configuration for your test configuration. This will replace your main configuration. Instead use @TestConfiguration which will append (override) your main configuration.

46.3.2 Detecting Test Configuration

If you want to customize the primary configuration, you can use a nested @TestConfiguration class. Unlike a nested @Configuration class, which would be used instead of your application’s primary configuration, a nested @TestConfiguration class is used in addition to your application’s primary configuration.

Example using SpringBoot:

Main class

@SpringBootApplication() // Will scan for @Components and @Configs in package tree
public class Main{
}

Main config

@Configuration
public void AppConfig() { 
    // Define any beans
}

Test config

@TestConfiguration
public void AppTestConfig(){
    // override beans for testing
} 

Test class

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@Import(AppTestConfig.class)
@SpringBootTest
public void AppTest() {
    // use @MockBean if you like
}

Note: Be aware, that all Beans will be created, even those that you override. Use @Profile if you wish not to instantiate a @Configuration.