Android App crashes without any logcat or any exception
Solution 1:
I had this situation too. Especially when it came to bugs in the framework, instead of coding bugs (Sometimes it were native crashes).
It helps to remove all filters from logcat, so that you can see all logs, not only the log of your app. In the upper right corner of your logcat, set the filters to "No Filters" and to "Verbose".
UPDATE: With Android Studio 3.0 the Logcat changed a bit. The Logcat window itself has no filter options anymore. Instead, if you click on the (new) Logcat tab in the lower left corner, a new logcat window is opened, but the filter options are visible in the tab itself.