Does macOS have a command to retrieve detailed CPU information like /proc/cpuinfo on Linux? [duplicate]

The Terminal command sysctl might be what you're looking for, in particular sysctl -a | grep machdep.cpu:

[my_mac:~] admin% sysctl -a | grep machdep.cpu
machdep.cpu.max_basic: 22
machdep.cpu.max_ext: 2147483656
machdep.cpu.vendor: GenuineIntel
machdep.cpu.brand_string: Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-8210Y CPU @ 1.60GHz
machdep.cpu.family: 6
machdep.cpu.model: 142
machdep.cpu.extmodel: 8
machdep.cpu.extfamily: 0
.
.
.

machdep.cpu.core_count: 2
machdep.cpu.thread_count: 4
machdep.cpu.tsc_ccc.numerator: 134
machdep.cpu.tsc_ccc.denominator: 2

Info gleaned from OSXDaily.

If you go to the Apple menu item and under that is the option "About This Mac". Select that and when the pane shown below appears notice the buttons on the bottom.

The pane itself gives you some info but click on the System Report button. This opens a large pane where you can select specfic items to get info about. Click on an item in the left part of the pane and it tells you info about that item.