CSS when inline-block elements line-break, parent wrapper does not fit new width

Solution 1:

You can't. By default, inline-block elements have a shrink-to-fit width:

The shrink-to-fit width is:
min(max(preferred minimum width, available width), preferred width).

Then,

• When preferred minimum width <= preferred width <= available width, the width will be the preferred width, as you desire.
• When available width <= preferred minimum width <= preferred width, the width will be the preferred minimum width, as you desire.
• When preferred minimum width <= available width <= preferred width, the width will be the available width, even if you don't like it.

If you really don't want this, I guess you could add a resize event listener with JS, and set the desired width manually.

Solution 2:

inline-block elements can't achieve this layout - as demonstrated by @Oriol - but,

CSS Grid can achieve this layout.

body {
  margin: 0;
}

ul {
  display: inline-grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, 100px);
  min-width: 50vw;
  
  /* decorative properties */
  grid-gap: 10px;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  border: 5px solid salmon;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  
  /* center the grid */ 
  position: relative;
  left: 50vw;
  transform: translateX(-50%);
}
li {
  background-color: lightblue;
  height: 100px;
}

<ul>
  <li>1</li>
  <li>2</li>
  <li>3</li>
  <li>4</li>
  <li>5</li>
  <li>6</li>
  <li>7</li>
  <li>8</li>
  <li>9</li>
  <li>10</li>
  <li>11</li>
  <li>12</li>
  <li>13</li>
  <li>14</li>
  <li>15</li>
  <li>16</li>
  <li>17</li>
  <li>18</li>
  <li>19</li>
  <li>20</li>
  <li>21</li>
  <li>22</li>
</ul>

Codepen demo (Be sure to resize)

Basically the relevant code boils down to this:

ul {
  display: inline-grid; /* (1) */
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, 100px); /* 100px = column width - (2) */
  min-width: 50vw; /* or any user-defined min-width (3) */
}

1) Make the container element an inline-grid container. This will cause the grid to 'shrink-wrap' its contents - so that the grid width will never be wider than it's contents.

2) Set the grid with a responsive layout (The auto-fill / auto-fit value is used for responsive layouts). If there is no room in a row to fit the next item - it wraps to the next row.

When a responsive layout is used together with an inline-grid - the grid width will equal the width of one item of the grid. (when no width/min-width is explicitly set - like this)

3) Set the container with a min-width which represents (at most - one partial item less than) the desired maximum width for the container.

So if the given min-width exactly fits in a certain number of items - that means that this will also be the maximum width of the grid because the next item will wrap.

If however the min-width doesn't exactly correspond to the width of 'n' items in that it also fits in part of the n+1th item - in this case the grid will slightly expand to exactly fit the n+1th item - with the n+2th item wrapping to the next row.