Prove that $\frac{\partial x}{\partial y} \frac{\partial y}{\partial z} \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} = -1$ and verify ideal gas law

Solution 1:

Define $f(x(y,z),y,z)=f(x,y(x,z),z)=f(x,y,z(x,y))=0$. Then by the chain rule, \begin{eqnarray*} \frac{\partial f}{\partial y}+\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\frac{\partial x}{\partial y} & = & 0\\ \frac{\partial f}{\partial z}+\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\frac{\partial y}{\partial z} & = & 0\\ \frac{\partial f}{\partial x}+\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}\frac{\partial z}{\partial x} & = & 0 \end{eqnarray*} So that \begin{eqnarray*} \frac{\partial x}{\partial y} & = & -\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}}\\ \frac{\partial y}{\partial z} & = & -\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}}\\ \frac{\partial z}{\partial x} & = & -\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}} \end{eqnarray*} Hence, $$ \frac{\partial x}{\partial y}\frac{\partial y}{\partial z}\frac{\partial z}{\partial x}=-\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}}\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}}\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}}{\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}}=-1. $$